Differences between Universal Testing Machine and Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

July 29, 2024 Shenshi2018 0 Comments

Universal Testing Machine and Electronic Tensile Testing Machines are both important equipment for testing the mechanical properties of materials, but they differ significantly in design principles, functions, and application scenarios. The following is a comparison between the two:

1.Working Principle

Universal Testing Machine（UTM）

Drive mode: usually hydraulic or mechanical (screw) drive, through oil pressure or motor to drive the mechanical structure to generate force.
Force range: suitable for large tonnage testing (such as hundreds of kN to thousands of kN), commonly used in high-strength material testing such as concrete and metal.
Control mode: hydraulic system controls pressure, with relatively low accuracy but strong stability.

Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

Drive mode: driven by servo motor and ball screw, displacement and force are precisely controlled by electronic control system.
Force range:generally used for small and medium tonnage (several N to hundreds of kN), suitable for plastics, rubber, film and other materials.
Control mode: fully digital control, high precision (up to 0.5 level or higher), fast response speed.

2. Test functionality

Universal Testing Machine

Main tests:compression, bending, shear, etc., especially good at static pressure testing (such as concrete compressive strength).
Scalability:The function is relatively simple, and usually the fixture needs to be replaced to adapt to different tests.

Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

Main tests: stretching, compression, bending, peeling, tearing, etc., supporting a variety of mechanical tests.
Expandability:can integrate accessories such as high temperature chambers and extensometers, supporting complex tests (such as stress relaxation and fatigue tests).

3.Test functionality

Universal Testing Machine

Main tests:compression, bending, shear, etc., especially good at static pressure testing (such as concrete compressive strength).
Scalability: The function is relatively simple, and usually the fixture needs to be replaced to adapt to different tests.

Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

Main tests: stretching, compression, bending, peeling, tearing, etc., supporting a variety of mechanical tests.
Scalability: can integrate accessories such as high temperature chambers and extensometers, supporting complex tests (such as stress relaxation and fatigue tests).

4.Application Areas

Universal Testing Machine

Construction industry (compression resistance of concrete and bricks), heavy industry (strength of metal components).Mainly used for tensile, compression, bending and other mechanical property tests of metals, non-metallic materials and parts, components and members. Manually controlled hydraulic universal testing machines are cheap and suitable for finished product inspection and single material index testing in industrial and mining enterprises. Electro-hydraulic servo universal material testing machines are suitable for laboratories with higher requirements for steel and building materials testing. Electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machines above 30t have a greater price advantage than electronic universal testing machines.

Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

Materials research and development (polymers, composite materials), electronic components (wire drawing), packaging materials (film tearing), etc.It is widely used in testing tensile performance indicators of various metals, non-metal composite materials, wood, plastic profiles, wires and cables, paper, film, rubber, medicine, food packaging materials, fabrics, etc. Various test data processing software and test aids can be customized according to domestic and international standards provided by customers. The digital display electronic universal testing machine is suitable for users who only seek relevant data such as force value, tensile strength, compressive strength, etc. If more complex parameters are required, a microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine is a better choice.

6.Usage performance

Universal Testing Machine

Due to the limitation of oil source flow, the test speed is slow: the manual hydraulic universal testing machine is simple to operate, low cost but low control accuracy: the performance of the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine is not inferior to that of the electronic universal testing machine, and the control accuracy is not lower than that of the electronic universal testing machine; in large-tonnage material mechanical testing, it is more reliable, more stable, more economical and effective.

Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

No oil source, clean, easier to use and maintain; the test speed range can be adjusted, and the test stroke can be determined as needed, which is more flexible: high force measurement accuracy, some can even reach 0.2%; small size, light weight, large space, easy to add corresponding devices to perform various material mechanical tests, truly achieving one machine for multiple uses; the electronic universal testing machine produced by domestic mainstream testing machine manufacturers can realize the so-called three closed-loop control of load control, strain control and displacement control.

7.Cost and maintenance

Universal Testing Machine

The initial cost is low (hydraulic type), but the maintenance is complicated (hydraulic oil needs to be replaced regularly).

Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

The initial cost is higher, but maintenance is simple (no hydraulic system) and long-term energy consumption is low.

8. Data Output

Universal Testing Machine

Traditional models may rely on mechanical meters, while newer models can also be connected to a computer, but the data sampling rate is lower.

Electronic Tensile Testing Machines

Directly output digital signals, support real-time curve display, data storage and analysis software.

Selection suggestions

Select Universal Testing Machine: Where high tonnage, static pressure testing is required (e.g., building materials).

Choose Electronic Tensile Testing Machines:High-precision and versatile material mechanics research (e.g. elastic modulus, elongation at break) is required.

Nowadays, Electronic Tensile Testing Machines gradually cover some of the functions of universal pressure testing machines, but in ultra-large force testing, Universal Testing Machine is still irreplaceable.

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